Chapter 10

Case studies are an attempt to investigate an even or set of related events systematically to describe and explain these phenomenas. There are two essential elements need for the case studies approach, the first will be the requirement of multiple methods and or sources of data, from it we create a full deep examination of the case. Secondly, in order to call our research a study case there has to be some broader category of events. Studies can be post facto (after the event), it also can be pointed in there focus. Case studies have a multitude of different approaches, they also can be an embedded case approach, which involves looking at ones study of research but also including several levels or units of analysis. Case studies are usually found in literature associated with theory, so we build on what is existing versus testing, Although we might want to combine a collaboration of works with our own testing. When doing case studies we want to obtain a lot of informations and inter that information in our writing, this is called thick description . Some researchers fine the use of theory before research approach more beneficial for case study, while others find grounded theory which is theory before research more effective in their studies.

---

Individual case studies are used in lengthy singular interviews to obtain information or we can use several interviews to drive to production of answer. We use tis firstly for researchers to be able to focus on a broader area of study. Secondly we use for a realization of individual social life is interconnected. Thirdly it helps with triangulation of methods. Using interview data, we can use to understand circumstances of people lives. Data from interviews are usually geared towards a topic, and interviewee will give their own say of topic s provided. Principle data collection is one-on-one through interviews. There are five skills needed for conducting good case studies: 1st having an inquiring mind, willingness to ask questions. 2nd ability to listen and include observations info without bias. 3rd adaptability and flexibility of event change and course of questions as seen fit. 4th a thorough understanding of the issues being studied. 5th quality is unbiased interpretation of data.

---

Intrinsic are undertaken when a researcher wants a better understanding of a particular case. When doing these studies researcher is not trying to develop any new theories or explanations but illustrate some particular trait, characteristic or problem. Instrumental case studies provide insight into issues or refine a theoretical explanation making it more generalizable. The use of this in a case study is to focus on the a singular issue or concern, and help or support external questions issue or problem. An investigator usually wants res reach interest to advance. Collective case studies are more robust research, very extensive study using several instrumental cases, to achieve better understandings. Case studies can be designed into exploratory, and explanatory. Exploratory, is the use of fiend work and data collection to plan a large investigation. Explanatory, are used when condition the study, to attempt to analyze factors and conditions to explain.

---

Designing a case study, we have five components: we must have study questions, study propositions or theoretical framework, identify the units of analysis, use logical linking of the data to the propositions or theory, and create a criteria for interpreting the findings. When doing case studies or any for that matter we need to have objectivity in order for the study to be reproduced or replicated. Intersubjectivity is the implication that we all agree that the assumptions and definitions of the situations are valid, then it follows that the conclusions are also valid. When a study is done correctly they study should generally provide understanding about similar groups and events. Be careful not generalize by saying all groups, it should be phrased as like groups might present similar findings. When doing case studies we need to be organized with group findings the use of communities is defined as some geographically delineated fit with a larger society. Using communities is a more fluid interpretation but we obtain data though census data, local histories, newspapers, official records, ect. Interest groups are another way we might want to divide up groups of a communities. Social classes may be also used to divide people. When dividing and choosing specific groups, be aware of the questions asking and what will fit best with your research.